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The contemporary “reading” of history and the narrative of the past can assume various forms, one of which are museum exhibitions, including narratives presented by history museums. The purpose of this article is to provide a reflection on the account of the Second World War, presented at the exhibition Cracow under Nazi Occupation from 1939 to 1945 in Schindler's Factory, which is now part of the Historical Museum of Cracow. A visible change has been observed over several years in the way of organizing exhibitions in Polish museums, which combines various techniques of presentation in the form of a specific collage. How does this exhibition narrate the past? By what means do its authors compose this narrative? And, finally, can a modernly designed exhibition touch such a painful subject as war and how can it do that? Places that commemorate the events of the Nazi occupation have so far found themselves in different parts of Cracow. Therefore, the memories of them seemed to be fragmentary. The authors of the exhibition in Schindler's Factory have endeavoured to unify these memories of the wartime experiences of Cracow and its inhabitants. Further deliberations are preceeded by a brief outline of the history of museology, with particular emphasis placed on its contemporary dimension, that is, the so-called open or narrative museum.
The content of this publication is copyrighted. You may access the digital edition through the computers at the premises of the Jagiellonian Library – based on the Act on Copyright and Related Rights from February 1994, Article 28, point 3 (consolidated text: Dz.U. of 2006, No. 90, item 631).
The idea of the so-called “liber mundi”, that is, a book that gathers all human knowledge, allows to travel at will in space and time as well as to speak various languages, goes back to the Middle Ages. The development of science and technology as well as the process of globalisation result in the “shrinking” of the contemporary world. We live in a reality where for the first time the ideas from five centuries ago have a chance to become reality, where knowledge, books, education and communication interpenetrate each other in a multicultural “global web”.
Marta Śnieżyńska née Pająk (1900-1977) joined the 10th Scout Squad at the Adam Mickiewicz Department School in Cracow at the age of fourteen. Her journal is a grey notebook decorated with hand drawn illustrations, which has been donated to the Jagiellonian Library by the daughter of the author. It encompasses the period from 16th November to 5th May 1915. The fourteen-year-old Marta remained with her parents in the Cracow Fortress and, like many inhabitants of Cracow, she wandered about the city, watching, and subsequently describing the theatre of war, that is, the marches of the Austro-Hungarian and Prussian armies, of Russian war captives, and also of Poles from the Russian and Prussian partitions. She described the uniforms of the soldiers, their typical physical characteristics, and the military camps in the Main Market Square. From Salwator she watched signs of clashes between the armed forces and military aeroplanes appearing in the sky, she also mentioned the forts of Cracow and the end of the siege ofthe Cracow Fortress on 18th December 1915. The journal ends with a description of the celebrations of 3rd May.
Old press is a priceless source of information of various quality about a broad spectrum of realities of the life of past generations. This concerns also the religious life, including events in the biographies of members of the Church elites whose most prominent group was the episcopate. This is why facts connected with the curricula vitarum of particular bishops were often described in the Polish periodical press. The ordination of a bishop was a very important event, when a new member of the episcopate became a rightful successor of the Apostles. As such ceremonies were at the same time spectacular, had a rich liturgical arrangement and gathered many distinguished participants, they were an attractive topic for press coverage whose levels of accuracy, though, remained varied. It is not he purpose of the author of this paper to display the aforementioned multifacetednessof the press coverage of the ordinations of the bishops, but to provide a sui generis set of basic information about those events. In order to make the most of such testimonies by drawing from the variety of information contained in them further conclusions that may be interesting to particular researchers, one must first know where (if at all) adequate coverage is present in the press contemporary with these events. The current state of knowledge in Poland in this respect is definitely unsatisfactory. This publication is a step in the direction of positive change. It contains information about the ordination of altogether 215 members of the Catholic episcopate of three rites (Latin, Greek-Uniate and Armenian) in the territory of Poland between 1726 and 1900, in the form of quasi-registers. Arranged in alphabetical order (by the surnames of the ordinated), they contain the date and the place of each event, the names of the consecrator andthe co-consecrators and, above all, a bibliographical record that directs the inquirer to a particular article. Provided with adequate indications, subsequent researchers will be able to start analyzing problems interesting to them and connected with this subject, already without spending time and effort in searching for adequate testimonies in the periodical press.
The purpose of this article is to present the principles of remuneration of younger teaching assistants in Polish universities as well as the changes in the amount of their salaries between 1923 and 1934. Theses problems are presented against the background of three key moments in the economic history of the Second Polish Republic, that is, the hyperinflation (1923–1924), the currency reform of Władysław Grabski (1924) and the Great Depression (1929–1934). This article is based on source material and involves the analysis of legal documents from 1923 to 1934. It begins with an outline of the stages of changes in the law concerning academic salaries as well as of the place of the discussed point system between the preceeding multiplier system (1920–1923) and the succeeding fixed rate system (1934–1939). Subsequently, it presentsthe essence of the point system which was used from 1st October 1923 to 31st January 1934 in fixing salaries. Particular components of the salaries have been classified and distinguished. The first of these, that is, the reference salary, consisted in the basic salary and a regulatory allowance, and the second, that is, the supplementary salary, consisted in an economic support allowance and a household allowance. The reference salary was a salary to which every younger teaching assistant was entitled during the effective period of the point system. The subsidiary salary was a salary to which only some assistants were entitled, namely those who fulfilled certain criteria determined by the law (for example, they had families), or which could be admitted only temporarily. This article discusses the essence and purpose of each of these allowances as well as the mechanism of calculating their amount. The amount of particular components of remuneration was determined by salary points whose value depended on the rhythm of inflation. The value of one salary point was called the multiplier because the real value of the salaries was calculated by multiplying the number of points adscribed to each component by the current value of one salary point. Such a construction of the salary system allowed to react to changes in consumer prices in the economy in a quite elastic way and, in consequence, to better protect the purchasing power of the salary. The changes in the value of the salary point were initially very signficant and in the last months of 1923 they were ordered twice a month. Together with the reform of Władysław Grabski, fluctuations in this are adiminished. Changes were usually made every month and they never exceeded a few Groschen each time. When in 1926 the public finances were successfully stabilised, the value of one salary point was anchored at a stable level, which remained unchanged until 1934. The present article also aims at showing the main advantages and disadvantages of the discussed remuneration system as well as the circumstances in which it was ushered in and abolished. The currency reform of 1924, which resulted in the replacement of the German Mark with the Polish Zloty (however, during the transition period both currencies circulated at the same time), has also been taken into account.
This article attempts to ascertain the authorship of two forged folios in the Lithuanian Statute of 1588 – the first one and the last one. They imitate the first edition quite accurately, however they are prints of handmade copies, litographed on old paper which is not very different from statute paper. The fact that such folios find themselves in those particular copies of the codex which are stored only in Poland means that their author should be mainly searched for in the territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In this article three hypotheses are made and examined: that the “Polish” folios could have been forged by the famous mathematician and cartographer Józef Naronowicz-Naroński (1610/16–1678), by the professor of Warsaw University of Technology Antoni Hann (1796–1861), or by the Cracow antiquarian Władysław Bartynowski (1832–1918). Each of them, at some point in their lives, was briefly involved in copying the Lithuanian Statute pubilshed by the Mamonicz printing house.
This article attempts to sum up the research conducted in the Jagiellonian Library in connection with its participation in the project entitled “NUKAT – The Highway of Digital Information”, executed between 2009 and 2012 by the University Library in Warsaw. Besides introducing the concepts, the general premises of the project and the mandatory procedures as well as presenting particular stages of merging data, this article also describes the process of merging the Computer Catalogue of the Collections of the Jagiellonian University Libraries Collections with the National Union Catalogue NUKAT, including the preliminary, administrative and follow-upwork that was done in the Jagiellonian Library in connetion with this enterprise. The aim of this article is to give a broad outline of this project as well as to present the results of an analysis performed on a control group of 5500 merged records in connection with some abnormalities that had been detected. This analysis was done on the basis of reports additionally prepared by the NUKAT Centre at the request of the Jagiellonian Library during the course of the project as well as after particular stages of merging catalogues were finished. The article is summed up by the conclusions and the evaluation of the project which are based on the control material and on the data gathered by the author while she was coordinating the project.
This article is a report of a trainig stay in Aberystwyth University Library as part of the Erasmus programme. The purpose of the authors is to present the structure of the Information Services Department. Special attention has been given to the efforts of the Library to provide its users with both traditional and modern information services. This article describes three university libraries which constitute the library information system of the university as well as the services offered by them, such as library services for research and teaching purposes, media services and information technology (IT) services for the purposes of the University and of information management (BIS).
This article is based on a manuscript of the bibliographer and the director of the Jagiellonian Library, Karol Estreicher (1827–1908) from the collection of the Society of Fine Arts Friends in Cracow. These poems are collected in a volume entitled Leaving the Stage and they portray the theatre life of the actress Sylwia Jutkiewicz (born on 15th June 1871). They are excellent evidence of the dependence of actors on both their environment and the management of the theatre, and also of the life behind the scenes. The poems are preceeded by letters from authors and theatre critics to whom Karol Estreicher sent the manuscript in order to obtain their opinions about it. The described material as a whole is an interesting contribution to the history of the nineteenth century Cracow theatre.
This article is based on provenance research done on the historical library of the Kielce chapter house. This research has allowed to prepare a list of priests who owned book collections which were subsequently bequeathed to the chapter library. Particular books were matched with their owners and thus catalogues of private libraries came into existence. In some cases these “catalogues”contain only one or two printed books. The private libraries stored in the chapter library contain monuments of printing since the fifteenth century. The priests who owned these bookswere either members of the chapter house or curates of the Kielce collegiate church in the period from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. The members of the chapter house as well as the curates owned printed books connected with their sacerdotal activity, such as collections of sermons, handbooks for priests or liturgical books. Some of them owned also works of the Fathersof the Church as well as biblical, theological and legal prints. The contents of the private book collections cast light on the interests and the theological culture of the environment of the Kielce chapter.
This article presents an outline of the history, the structure and the functioning of the Ruhr-Universität in Bochum (RUB) in Germany with a special focus on the library complex. The division of the university libraries, the organisation of their work, the criteria of availability of various types of documents and the standards of cataloguing, particularly those concerning subject processing, have also been described in this article. The author visited the libraries of the Ruhr-Universität in Bochum in May 2011 as part of a direct staff exchange organised by the Jagiellonian Library for several years. She graduated in Turkish language and literature and since January 2008 has worked in the Subject Processing Department of the Jagiellonian Library.
This article presents the exchange of letters between J. I. Kraszewski (1812-1887), one of the most popular Polish writers of the nineteenth century, and W. Wisłocki (1841-1900), the curator of the Jagiellonian Library since 1874, an outstanding librarian, bibliographer, publisherand the chief editor of the Bibliographical Guide. The present edition comprises letters from the collection of the Jagiellonian Library, that is, nine letters written by Kraszewski between 1879 and 1886 and eight letters written by Wisłocki between 1871 and 1886, whose autographs are stored under the shelfmarks 6540 and Przyb. 300/81.
This article shows the importance of legal deposit to the national culture. The legal deposit collections provide the contemporary readers with a research and education workshop, and they also document the intellectual, cultural and social life of the country. Legal deposit is particularly substantial to the preservation of publications that are out of sale. It is also the basis of the national bibliography and editorial statistics. The state of legal deposit is influenced by the lawin force, by the attitudes of publishers and libraries, and also by the behaviour and opinions of other environments. The failure of some publishers to fulfil their legal obligation results in the distortion of statistics as well as in the absence of their publications in library reference databases. Of course, it also influences the number of books in the authorised libraries. The desired change in the current law, though obviously essential, is hampered by the conflict of interests between libraries and publishers. It should also be underlined that legal deposit has played a significant role in the formation of the book collection of the Jagiellonian Library already for over two centuries. Thanks to this, the Jagiellonian Library enjoys the unofficial status of a national library and its special and worthy image is being established in the social consciousness.
Zygmunt Walter (1895–1942) joined the third Squadron of the Uhlans, incorporated to the First Brigade of the Polish Legions in 1914 in Cracow. At the end of 1914 he left for the Eastern Carpathian front. His service was interrupted by an illness and at the beginning of 1915 he found himself in the Marmaros-Sziget military hospital (Sighetu Marmaţiei in Romania). After the recovery, he was sent to join the survey of the legion graves in the area of Opoczno, which was conducted by the Commission for the Conservation of the Graves of the Polish Legionnaires at the Supreme National Committee. The author registered the events which took place between 24th October 1914 and 17th December 1914 as they happened. The notebook containing this diary was donated to the Jagiellonian Library by the daughter of the author, Rita Walter-Łomnicka. The diary belongs to a group of journals kept by the legionnaires and it can be compared with the diary of August Krasicki, the adjutant and orderly officer to the generals of the Polish Legions who trained young Uhlans, including Walter, in Nagyszöllös (Vinogradiv in Ukraine). Walter’s unit moved among twenty towns (now in the territories of Ukraine), beginning with Kiárlymezö (Ust-Czorna) and ending in Köröszmözö (Yasinya). The diary mentions many well-known legionnaires, such as Józef Haller, August Krasicki and Alfred Leonhardt. It also mentions the battles of Nadwórna (Nadvirna) and Rafajłowa (Rafaynove), dressing the wounds of wounded soldiers, one of whom was the painter Józef Ryszkiewicz-Świrysz.
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